I asked my initial question "is there a difference" because I'm constantly hearing about people saying to me (or reading) that their lives are at risk so they don't buy cheaper tires. NO company will sell you a tire that will put your life at risk. With that being said, let's just go on assuming that the tire will not murder you! The only way I will be hesitant about buying a tire is if the company is not reputable. For example, if a new Hashi Tashi tire (made up name) has been in business for one year, then I might pass on buying it because they haven't experienced a wider range of complaints and problems to be tested or fixed. I'm sure a company like firestone will ensure they never have blow outs again as they did in the '90s (although ford recommended dangerously underinflating their tires). With that kind of experience, a tire company can test for themselves as well as for the market that will use its product.
Any brand tire might have a manufacturers issue where a step was overlooked and danger might lurk around the corner for the user. However, I don't know of any storys nor have I ever heard on the news that a tire was at fault for rider deaths. If anyone knows of such an article, please post a link for all of us to read.
The type of bike needs to be considered as well when choosing a tire. When I first bought my kawasaki vulcan a few years ago, I wanted to save money on buying tires since I just bought a new (used) motorcycle. I chose a tire I never heard of before called "Maxxis" for the front. I then put a kenda challenger on the back. These tires together lasted me 15,000 miles with occasional passengers. I now have dunlops that are going bald after 7 or 8 thousand miles, and I only ride with my girlfriend. Regarding the Maxxis, I eventually found out it is made by Cheng Shin. Perhaps a Cheng Shin will last on a cruiser, but not on a sport bike. I'm just assuming.
I have a Metzeler Perfect on my k, and it went from new to bald in almost no time. I'm still confident in buying cheaper tires, but I'm still interested in what others have to say and if there is anything i might not know.