I have had four bricks now(two four valve K100's, a K75S, and a K75RT) and all of them have had similar fuel consumption behavior. The K100's with Motronic get a pretty consistent 48 to 50 mpg and have the low fuel light come on around 190 to 200 miles with about a gallon and a bit left in the tank.
The K75's get a consistent 45-48 MPG when commuting and about 38-40 mpg when being flogged on the slab at 85-90 mph. The K75's have the low fuel when there is about 1.5 gallons left in the tank. Again, they light up around 185-190 miles pretty consistently.
I have removed the flapper from all the tanks and fill to the bottom of the filler every time and always make a mental note of the amount of fuel I put in the tank as well as the tripmeter reading. When I get a new bike I'll drain the tank and add fuel a little at a time until I get the engine to run. Then I fill the tank to the filler ring and note how much fuel I put in. That tells me the useful capacity of the tank. On my bikes, that is just a bit more than 5.1 gallons. When traveling I watch the tripmeter, and calculate how much fuel I will need when I stop for gas and how much further I can go. About 210 miles is the farthest I'll willingly go on a full tank.
Being a reformed enduro rider, I'm constantly calculating something in my head. As Laitch mentioned, I check the odometer and tripmeter against mileposts, I calculate arrival times and distances, fuel use, fuel expenses, and on and on. Riding around town and commuting, I always calculate fuel mileage when I fill up. Most of my commuting is pretty routine, so I can predict and plan fuel stops.