Welding unites metals by melting them together. Rod or wire with flux or gas shield to prevent impurities in the bond is used to unite the pieces. Aluminum welding must be done smoothly and rapidly because of aluminum’s rapid rate of liquifying when it reaches the melting point. The heat and filler must be moved along rapidly or holes will be blown into the material being welded. Welding can blow holes in thin sheet
steel, too, if it it isn’t done rapidly enough.
Brazing unites metals by raising their surface temperatures enough to adhere together using filler rod containing flux but not at a temperature high enough to melt them. The filler applied to the pieces creates a strong bond that can withstand vibration. The lugs that join bicycle tubes are often brazed. Project Farm is discussing brazing and brazing rod.
Solder is similar to brazing in some ways but uses a lower temperature to bond similar metals together. It’s more like glue. It isn’t the choice for filling holes. Usually patches are used over holes and united with the metal beneath by capillary action of solder and heat. Flux in the solder, or applied before soldering, prevents impurities in the joint.
Brazing would be the choice for an amateur attempt at repairing holes in an our aluminum fuel tanks' seams but plenty of practice should be done on sheet of a similar thickness and grade before the brazing attempt or the hole will grow during repair because the metal was overheated and melted during the fill process.
JB Weld seems to work well enough for most of us, if we're able to follow directions and don't ask
too much of it.